1. Object
The object is which the will intends directly and primarily. It could be a thing or an action.
2. Circumstances
Circumstances may mitigate of aggravate. There are seven circumstances mentioned by St. Thomas Aquinas:
a. who
- special quality, prestige, rank or excellence of the person
- It is bad to kill a man. It is worse to kill the president of the United States.
b. what
- quantity or quality of a moral object
- It is good to send money to the orphanage. It is better to send money to the orphanage and also take time to visit the children there.
c. where
- the place
- It is good to have a dental mission in a public school in the city. It is better to have a dental mission in a public school in the provinces.
d. by what means
- means in carrying out the act
- It is bad to shoot your enemy. It is worse to torture your enemy before shooting him.
e. why
- The end or purpose affects the goodness of badness of the action.
- It is bad to steal money. It is worse to steal money and use it to buy illegal drugs.
f. how
- manner in which the action is done
- It is good to send volunteers to help the typhoon victims. It is better to go to help the victims yourself.
g. when
- time element
- It is good to be with your friend in her graduation. It is better to be with your friend in her frustrations.
3. The End or Purpose
It is the integral part of moral acts. We should not employ evil means to attain a good end.
Friday, July 29, 2011
The Seven Prima Facie Duties
1. duty of fidelity
- be faithful to our duties
- tell the truth and keep promises
- dont represent fiction as truth
- infarctions:
> treachery
> deception
> hypocrisy
> betrayal
> lying
> trickery
> double dealing
> insincerity
> duplicity
> cunning/craftiness
Bella is a nurse in a government hospital. A patient is going to undergo bone marrow aspiration, which is a very painful procedure. Bella who does not observe her duty of fidelity, tells her patient, "It's going to be alright. It is not painful. It's just like an ant's bite."
2. duty of reparation
- make amends of injury, righting the wrongs.
Ashton accidentally pushes his classmate Jenna. Jenna falls and breaks a leg. She gets confined to the hospital. The next day, Ashton sends her flowers and fruits.
Lilia aborted her baby three years ago. After graduating in college, she puts up an orphanage who fosters abandoned children and young mothers.
3. duty of gratitude
- appreciate and recognize
Boss Harry observes one of his employees, Arnold's diligence. Arnold is also considered an asset of the company because of his excellent skills. Therefore he raises his salary, adding a thousand more monthly.
Sandra's schooling is sponsored by a widow in the United States. So show gratitude, she does good in school, maintaining a spot in the Dean's list.
4. duty of justice
- proper distribution of social benefits and burdens
Eleven boy scouts went to the woods for a three day camping. Their leader, John, divides their jobs equally, as the cook, dishwasher, cleaner etc.
5. duty of beneficence
- good for others
- balancing the good
- requires the provision and balancing of benefits
A private school's population grew by 34% this year. So the management also planned to give health benefits to the employees.
6. duty of self-improvement
- help others better themselves
- duty to improve and develop ourselves
- this duty goes hand-in-hand with other duties
Tori observes that her classmate Neil is slow in understand their lesson in math. So she approaches him and offers her help with the lesson.
Gerald is a smoker since highschool. Then he realizes that he should take care of his health when his father dies of lung cancer. So he decides to quit smoking by undergoing all sorts of therapies.
7. duty of non malificence
- "do no harm"
- prevent evil or harm
Doctor Bonbon does not observe his duty of non malificence. He performs surgeries even under the influence of alcohol. He administers drugs without counterchecking the dose and if it is the right drug.
- be faithful to our duties
- tell the truth and keep promises
- dont represent fiction as truth
- infarctions:
> treachery
> deception
> hypocrisy
> betrayal
> lying
> trickery
> double dealing
> insincerity
> duplicity
> cunning/craftiness
Bella is a nurse in a government hospital. A patient is going to undergo bone marrow aspiration, which is a very painful procedure. Bella who does not observe her duty of fidelity, tells her patient, "It's going to be alright. It is not painful. It's just like an ant's bite."
2. duty of reparation
- make amends of injury, righting the wrongs.
Ashton accidentally pushes his classmate Jenna. Jenna falls and breaks a leg. She gets confined to the hospital. The next day, Ashton sends her flowers and fruits.
Lilia aborted her baby three years ago. After graduating in college, she puts up an orphanage who fosters abandoned children and young mothers.
3. duty of gratitude
- appreciate and recognize
Boss Harry observes one of his employees, Arnold's diligence. Arnold is also considered an asset of the company because of his excellent skills. Therefore he raises his salary, adding a thousand more monthly.
Sandra's schooling is sponsored by a widow in the United States. So show gratitude, she does good in school, maintaining a spot in the Dean's list.
4. duty of justice
- proper distribution of social benefits and burdens
Eleven boy scouts went to the woods for a three day camping. Their leader, John, divides their jobs equally, as the cook, dishwasher, cleaner etc.
5. duty of beneficence
- good for others
- balancing the good
- requires the provision and balancing of benefits
A private school's population grew by 34% this year. So the management also planned to give health benefits to the employees.
6. duty of self-improvement
- help others better themselves
- duty to improve and develop ourselves
- this duty goes hand-in-hand with other duties
Tori observes that her classmate Neil is slow in understand their lesson in math. So she approaches him and offers her help with the lesson.
Gerald is a smoker since highschool. Then he realizes that he should take care of his health when his father dies of lung cancer. So he decides to quit smoking by undergoing all sorts of therapies.
7. duty of non malificence
- "do no harm"
- prevent evil or harm
Doctor Bonbon does not observe his duty of non malificence. He performs surgeries even under the influence of alcohol. He administers drugs without counterchecking the dose and if it is the right drug.
Human Acts and Acts of Man [Ethics]
This is one of our topics in our subject bioethics. We even had a skit to portray the differences between human acts and acts of man.
Human act proceeds from the deliberate free will of man. Man knows what he is doing and freely chooses to do what he likes, but he must be responsible and accountable for such act.
There are three elements of human act:
1. knowledge
2. freedom
3. voluntariness
There are modifiers of human acts. If one of these are present, then it is considered as act of man.
1. ignorance
2. passion
3. fear
4. violence
5. habits
Tell whether the following is a human act or act of man.
A. Juan, a young man who grew in the province went to the city for the first time. He crosses the street without a second thought and almost got hit by a car.
- It is an act of man, because there is IGNORANCE. Since Juan grew up in the province, he has not idea about traffic rules.
B. Bea is a college student. Her mother works as a vegetable vendor while her father is a waiter. Their earnings are barely enough to send their child to school. Before the finals exam, Bea's parents failed to send her money for her tuition fee. One of Bea's friends, Michelle, offered her to work as a prostitute for her to earn. Michelle told her about the work. Without hesitation, Bea signed up for the job.
- It is a human act. There is knowledge, freedom and voluntariness. Bea was at the right age with the right mind to decide whether to work as a prostitute or not.
C. Mrs. Aquino is a very rich businesswoman. Her only son was kidnapped and the kidnappers asked for P50 million pesos. Mrs. Aquino gave the money right away.
- It is an act of man. There is fear present. Mrs. Aquino was afraid of losing her son so she gave the money.
D. Martial law was declared. Michael was forced by the soldiers to tell them where the rebels were at gunpoint. Michael told them their hiding place.
- It is an act of man. Violence is present. Michael was forced to tell an information he must have kept.
E. Paula had been planning to kill her husband who has a mistress. It almost drove her crazy, thinking of how her husband cheated on her. When the time came, she went to see her husband and pulled the trigger, killing him.
- It is an act of man. There is passion, Paula's desire to have revenge. She did not think about the consequences of her act, like getting jailed.
F. Anthony wanted to join a certain fraternity. After passing the initiation rites, it was his turn to do the initiation of paddling one of the new ones, Pepe (hitting the back or legs with a huge piece of wood like baseball bat or boat paddle). He hit Pepe so hard that he had hemorrhage that lead to death.
- It is a human act. Anthony has the knowledge that a lot of men died of hazing. He also has freedom and voluntariness to do the act.
Saturday, July 23, 2011
Designer Handbags
Designer Handbags
Designer Handbags
Designer Handbags
Designer handbags are every girl's best friend. Why are they so popular? Does it really make a difference between a regular handbag and a 'designer' handbag? Aren't they all the same? Well, to some people, they are just like any other ordinary handbags. To others, handbags are the reflection of an individual style and status. Like clothes, designer handbags play an important role in the fashion industry as well. Many designer names, such as Louis Vuitton and Gucci have a collection of handbags every year. Handbags are fashion icons itself and play a vital role in the fashion world.
What really sets designer handbags different from ordinary handbags? Well, the quality of the handbags always is better than the ordinary. The materials used to make the designer handbag are much more expensive and better in quality, this further reinforces the reputation of the designer. The manufacturing and labor to make the designer bag is already cost compared to other companies. You do not want a bag that will break after a week of using it, which is definitely not worth your money. Even though, people are tempted to buy a damaged handbag because it's on sale, but it's already broken to begin with, wouldn't it just break more when you use it? So, why not just invest and good quality handbag that can last you several decades.
What really sets designer handbags different from ordinary handbags? Well, the quality of the handbags always is better than the ordinary. The materials used to make the designer handbag are much more expensive and better in quality, this further reinforces the reputation of the designer. The manufacturing and labor to make the designer bag is already cost compared to other companies. You do not want a bag that will break after a week of using it, which is definitely not worth your money. Even though, people are tempted to buy a damaged handbag because it's on sale, but it's already broken to begin with, wouldn't it just break more when you use it? So, why not just invest and good quality handbag that can last you several decades.
Designer Handbags
Designer Handbags
Designer Handbags
Designer Handbags
Designer Handbags
Designer Handbags
Designer Handbags
The designer handbag should always reflect your tastes and style. If you don't that specific designer handbag, don't get it just because of the name, get it because you absolutely love the design. Other people's opinions should not matter because it is based on their taste, don't let them discourage you from getting what you like. You may even grow to love each handbag of the collection. You may find some people waiting to buy the next handbag from Louis Vuitton before press has even released any pictures! There are people that will spend their day trying to track down that specific designer bag down to the range, design, and label.
The power of the designer is amazing, people will spend days trying to track down the new item from a certain collection. The appeal of a specific designer collection can make designer handbag lovers try their best to get a hold of 'the designer handbag of the season.' If there is really a high demand for a specific designer handbags, don't be surprised if you are put on the waiting list; sometimes, waiting lists can last for more than two years. Top notch designers, such as Versace and Hermes are known for long waiting lists. Don't be discouraged if you do not have the top notch handbag of the season, there are always different and talented designers who will fit your price range. I like to compare handbags to cars, every year there are new models and designs and people move on to that trend.
Communication is the key to advertising. Ask yourself this question, how many designer handbags have your purchased after someone told you about them? If you have a lot, then you know communication is working on you. Whether it is through marketing campaigns or advertising, design houses are excellent at selling the designer's latest creations. Posh and sexy magazine advertisements do a fabulous job of appealing to the normal reader's eye. Designers can never sell that many handbags themselves, it the hype and craze that makes them successful in what they do.
So you want a designer handbag, but you are guilty about spending such a large quantity of your money. Think about it as an investment, having a good quality handbag can last you several years, maybe even decades depending on how you treat it. I personally have designer handbags that were from twenty years ago that still in great shape. Designer handbags give every girl a boost of confidence when they are just simply walking down the street, people think, “that girl has amazing style and class!" The feeling of having a designer handbag is wonderful. Every girl deserves something to be proud of, even though if it is just a handbag.
The designer handbag should always reflect your tastes and style. If you don't that specific designer handbag, don't get it just because of the name, get it because you absolutely love the design. Other people's opinions should not matter because it is based on their taste, don't let them discourage you from getting what you like. You may even grow to love each handbag of the collection. You may find some people waiting to buy the next handbag from Louis Vuitton before press has even released any pictures! There are people that will spend their day trying to track down that specific designer bag down to the range, design, and label.
The power of the designer is amazing, people will spend days trying to track down the new item from a certain collection. The appeal of a specific designer collection can make designer handbag lovers try their best to get a hold of 'the designer handbag of the season.' If there is really a high demand for a specific designer handbags, don't be surprised if you are put on the waiting list; sometimes, waiting lists can last for more than two years. Top notch designers, such as Versace and Hermes are known for long waiting lists. Don't be discouraged if you do not have the top notch handbag of the season, there are always different and talented designers who will fit your price range. I like to compare handbags to cars, every year there are new models and designs and people move on to that trend.
Communication is the key to advertising. Ask yourself this question, how many designer handbags have your purchased after someone told you about them? If you have a lot, then you know communication is working on you. Whether it is through marketing campaigns or advertising, design houses are excellent at selling the designer's latest creations. Posh and sexy magazine advertisements do a fabulous job of appealing to the normal reader's eye. Designers can never sell that many handbags themselves, it the hype and craze that makes them successful in what they do.
So you want a designer handbag, but you are guilty about spending such a large quantity of your money. Think about it as an investment, having a good quality handbag can last you several years, maybe even decades depending on how you treat it. I personally have designer handbags that were from twenty years ago that still in great shape. Designer handbags give every girl a boost of confidence when they are just simply walking down the street, people think, “that girl has amazing style and class!" The feeling of having a designer handbag is wonderful. Every girl deserves something to be proud of, even though if it is just a handbag.
Replica Handbags
Replica Handbags
Replica Handbags
.
Replica Handbags
First things first, check the bag’s stitching. Well-made replica handbags will have stitching that appears small, clean, straight, and aligned. Messy, loose, or crooked stitching is a dead giveaway that you’re holding a substandard, if not obviously ugly fake
Replica Handbags
Replica Handbags
Replica Handbags
Replica Handbags
Replica Handbags
Replica Handbags
Replica Handbags
Sometimes manufacturers of designer replica handbags just want to make a quick buck without putting any effort into good production processes and quality control measures. Original Prada purses for example have a small metal tag that says “Prada Made in Italy.” If your replica features plastic or fabric tag, you’ve bought a bad imposter designer handbag.
Dustbag and authenticity cards
True Prada purses have an authenticity card placed in a small black envelope. Replica handbags on the other hand, may or may not come with an authenticity card. You need to check with your retailer if they’re providing authenticity cards and dustbags for their items. They’re not as important when choosing replicas but you can consider them as an added perk.
In general, good replicas aren’t dirt-cheap. This is because manufacturers also have to invest in materials and top of the line equipment. For replica handbags, you should expect to pay anywhere from $100 to $300 if you want quality. Like in most things, you get what you pay for and replica purses are no exception.
When shopping for replicas, it’s important to find out as much as you can about these goods to avoid being scammed. Remember that even if you’re not paying for an original designer bag, you shouldn’t have to settle for less. You can find out more about replica handbags by visiting forums, reading articles or asking your favorite replica retailers about their products.
Sometimes manufacturers of designer replica handbags just want to make a quick buck without putting any effort into good production processes and quality control measures. Original Prada purses for example have a small metal tag that says “Prada Made in Italy.” If your replica features plastic or fabric tag, you’ve bought a bad imposter designer handbag.
Dustbag and authenticity cards
True Prada purses have an authenticity card placed in a small black envelope. Replica handbags on the other hand, may or may not come with an authenticity card. You need to check with your retailer if they’re providing authenticity cards and dustbags for their items. They’re not as important when choosing replicas but you can consider them as an added perk.
In general, good replicas aren’t dirt-cheap. This is because manufacturers also have to invest in materials and top of the line equipment. For replica handbags, you should expect to pay anywhere from $100 to $300 if you want quality. Like in most things, you get what you pay for and replica purses are no exception.
When shopping for replicas, it’s important to find out as much as you can about these goods to avoid being scammed. Remember that even if you’re not paying for an original designer bag, you shouldn’t have to settle for less. You can find out more about replica handbags by visiting forums, reading articles or asking your favorite replica retailers about their products.
Coach Handbags
Coach Handbags
Coach Handbags
Coach Handbags
COACH has the latest and hottest designer handbags to match anyone's style at affordable prices. You can get the best Coach Handbags right here on the Internet. Save your money and shop right here for the latest and hottest styles for any fashionista.
Coach Handbags
Coach Handbags
Coach Handbags
Coach Handbags
Coach Handbags
Coach Handbags
When choosing your Coach Handbags be sure to choose the right look. How do you know which look is right for you? That's where I come in.
Below are some great looks that will fit with your personal style and for all occasions. You will find these great handbags in either the satchel, hobo, carryall, flap or zip bag styles. I have listed for you a group of products all for under $250. What great deals they are! Just be sure to pick the right Coach Handbag for the right season. You wouldn't want to ruin a great handbag by getting caught in the wrong type of weather. Even if you did save A LOT of money. Trust me, that is NOT a good look! Having more than one Coach handbag & accessory is always best.
COACH has the latest and hottest designer handbags to match anyone's style at affordable prices. You can get the best Coach Handbags right here on the Internet. Save your money and shop right here for the latest and hottest styles for any fashionista.
Coach Handbags
Coach Handbags
When choosing your Coach Handbags be sure to choose the right look. How do you know which look is right for you? That's where I come in.
Below are some great looks that will fit with your personal style and for all occasions. You will find these great handbags in either the satchel, hobo, carryall, flap or zip bag styles. I have listed for you a group of products all for under $250. What great deals they are! Just be sure to pick the right Coach Handbag for the right season. You wouldn't want to ruin a great handbag by getting caught in the wrong type of weather. Even if you did save A LOT of money. Trust me, that is NOT a good look! Having more than one Coach handbag & accessory is always best.
Friday, July 22, 2011
Chanel Handbags
For those who have compensated a few focus on Chanel summer collection, you might have discovered a fascinating truth — Chanel appears to be choosing a far more intimate and much more dreamlike design this year. Let’s check out a few of the most popular style purses within Chanel summer collection.
Monochrome tend to be traditional, however this particular Chanel style purse from the most recent style isn’t easy black-and-white. Getting attracted the actual motivation in the film This past year from Marienbad, Chanel constructed the maze, embellished through monochrome stones, on to it’s style purse. At first glance of the purse, there’s also numerous impressionistic flower designs as well as adornments, that update the actual creative worth of the purse, as well as allow it to be much more cherished. About this purse, we are able to observe numerous style components in the style display associated with Chanel recently. The actual marvelous maze, the actual stunning water feature and also the intimate backyard appear to possess just about all already been place on to this particular purse. The look of the purse is actually remarkable as well as completely different through additional regular style purses — it’s nor house maid associated with leather-based upon it’s area, neither will it offers obvious zippers at first glance.
Chanel Handbag
Chanel Handbag
Chanel Handbag
Chanel Handbag
Chanel Handbag
Chanel Handbag
Chanel Handbag
Chanel Handbag
Chanel Handbag
Nevertheless, whenever a lady bears this particular purse within the woman’s hands, she’ll seem like a bit of art work himself. The actual sensitive style, the actual beautiful designs and also the ideal craftsmanship just about all get this to purse appealing as well as distinctive. Because Chanel is certainly going intimate this season, obviously red is actually unavoidable. This particular red style purse provides a feeling associated with love as well as peace in order to people’s minds. The colour by itself is actually dreamlike, also it decorates a female right into a fairly sweet little princess. The actual consistency, not the same as regular gentle highlighting difficult leather-based, is actually comfy within coming in contact with as well as satisfying within viewing. The actual small entire body may retain the every day products a female requirements, which range from top stays in order to decorative mirrors, through mobile phone in order to handbag. Regardless of with regard to events or even with regard to function, this particular red purse is really a good friend. When you’re appreciating the wonder associated with Chanel summer collection, don’t overlook that you could purchase purses from the exact same warm styles upon a few purse web sites, for example Bagsok. com. Chanel might scare a person using its sky-high costs, however, you may usually discover style purses upon these types of web sites. Bagsok is actually actually providing clients as much as 30% discount rates. Using the exact same intimate as well as fairly sweet designs in order to anticipate because upon Chanel’s phase, with first-class characteristics as well as appealing discount rates upon these types of style purse promoting web sites, what exactly are a person awaiting?
Thursday, July 21, 2011
Sport Shoes Men
Spot Shoes Men
Spot Shoes Men
Spot Shoes Men
Spot Shoes Men
Spot Shoes Men
Spot Shoes Men
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
